Journal of TVET And Technology Review (JTTR) is a peer review journal that publishes twice a year, May and November. JTTR publishes fully open access reviewed journals. All articles are freely available to read, share and download. In accordance to publication ethics and best practices of scholarly publishing, authors and journals must be properly credited.
Kajian Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik (SLR) Berkaitan Persepsi Industri Terhadap Kemahiran Insaniah Pelajar TVET
Malay : Kajian ini dijalankan bagi meneliti Persepsi Industri Terhadap Kemahiran Insaniah Graduan TVET dalam meningkatkan kebolehpasaran seiring dengan cabaran industri semasa. Dengan menggunakan teknik tinjauan literatur bersistematik (SLR) sebanyak 35 sumber data yang dikenalpasti, namun hanya 20 sumber yang digunakan untuk kajian ini selepas menjalani proses penapisan berdasarkan kebolehcapaian bahan, julat tahun serta kesesuian kandungan terhadap apa yang hendak di kaji. Pengumpulan data yang melibatkan 20 artikel diperolehi daripada beberapa pangkalan data utama seperti Google Scholar, ResearchGate dan lain-lain. Dapatan kajian ini, kemahiran insaniah semkain diiktiraf sebagai faktor utama dalam menentukan kebolehpasaran graduan TVET khusunya dalam menghadapi cabaran IR 4.0 sekaligus menuntut pengukuhan kurikulum dan penglibatan industri dalam silibus pendidikan. English : The study was conducted to examine industry perceptions of the importance of soft skills in enhancing employability among TVET graduates, in line with current industrial challenges. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, a total of 35 data sources were initially identified; however, only 20 sources were selected after a screening process based on accessibility, publication year range, and relevance to the study focus. Data collection involved 20 articles obtained from several major databases, including Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and other relevant sources. The findings indicate that soft skills are increasingly recognized as a key determinant of TVET graduates’ employability, particularly in addressing the challenges of IR 4.0, thereby highlighting the need for curriculum strengthening and greater industry involvement in TVET education syllabus.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of TVET and Technology Review
Teacher Teaching Skills at Melaka suburban Secondary School : A Research Gap from Literature Perspective
This study examines the relationships between student engagement, student motivation, student learning environment, and technology access in shaping teaching skills among teachers in suburban secondary schools in Melaka, Malaysia. Despite national initiatives aimed at digital transformation in education, disparities in technological access and pedagogical readiness continue to challenge teachers in under-resourced school contexts. The findings provide empirical evidence on how psychological, pedagogical, and technological factors collectively influence teachers’ teaching skills. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering a teacher-centred and context-sensitive perspective, providing insights to inform more inclusive educational policies and targeted professional development initiatives.
Cabaran Stereotaip Gender dalam Kepimpinan Wanita: Analisis dalam Bidang TVET
Malay : Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis cabaran stereotaip gender yang dihadapi oleh pemimpin wanita dalam institusi Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET) di Malaysia. Kepimpinan wanita dalam sektor TVET semakin mendapat perhatian, memandangkan peranan penting mereka dalam membentuk hala tuju strategik, memperkukuh keberkesanan organisasi, serta menyediakan tenaga kerja mahir yang relevan dengan kehendak semasa dan masa depan industri. Melalui satu tinjauan literatur sistematik ke atas 20 artikel ilmiah terpilih yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2025, kajian ini mengenal pasti pelbagai cabaran sosial, budaya, dan institusi yang menjejaskan kemajuan kepimpinan wanita dalam konteks TVET. Dapatan kajian mencadangkan pembangunan model kepimpinan yang holistik dan kontekstual, mengambil kira dinamika gender serta keperluan dan cabaran Revolusi Industri 4.0. Model ini dapat memperkasakan wanita sebagai pemimpin TVET untuk memainkan peranan utama dalam melaksanakan agenda pembangunan modal insan dan memacu kecemerlangan pendidikan teknikal di Malaysia. English : This study aims to analyse the challenges of gender stereotypes faced by women leaders in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in Malaysia. Women’s leadership in the TVET sector has gained increasing attention due to their important role in shaping strategic direction, strengthening organisational effectiveness, and supporting the development of a skilled workforce that is responsive to the current and future needs of industry. Through a systematic literature review of 20 selected scholarly articles published between 2020 and 2025, this study identifies various social, cultural, and institutional challenges that hinder the advancement of women in TVET leadership. The findings highlight the need to develop a holistic and contextually relevant leadership model that takes into account gender dynamics as well as the demands and challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0). Such a model has the potential to empower women leaders in TVET to play a strategic role in advancing the human capital development agenda and driving excellence in technical education in Malaysia.
Constructivist Learning Theory in Relation to Teacher Teaching Skills: Evidence from Suburban Secondary Schools in Melaka
Constructivist Learning Theory (CLT) emphasises active knowledge construction through meaningful engagement, social interaction, and contextualised learning. This study examines the relevance of CLT in understanding the relationships among student engagement, learning environment, student motivation, and technology integration towards teacher teaching skills in suburban secondary schools in Melaka. The findings indicate each variable positively influences teaching skills: engaged students, supportive learning environments, motivated learners, and effective technology use enable teachers to implement constructivist strategies more effectively. This study contributes to theoretical and practical knowledge by linking CLT principles with teaching practice and provides recommendations for enhancing teacher competencies in suburban educational settings.
Blended Learning and the Development of Tacit Knowledge, Problem?Solving Skills, and Professional Judgment in TVET Students : A Narrative Review
This narrative review examines the impact of blended learning that integrates online theory and on-site practice in developing the tacit knowledge, problem-solving skills, and professional judgment of TVET students. It frames vocational competence as a multi-faceted concept characterized by technical–conceptual skills, embodied tacit knowledge, high order problem solving and value informed judgment. Building on research into TVET and cognate fields of practice-based learning, the review synthesises evidence about how some blended designs like flipped classrooms, simulation supported practical experiences, project based/purposeful activities and structured reflection, can deepen and expand around authentic tasks. The analysis shows that blended learning can improve vocational expertise when online and on-site components are tightly aligned with real work processes, sustain significant hands-on experience, and provide systematic opportunities for reflection, feedback and moral discussion. In contrast, blended approaches that are primarily intended for content delivery or to minimize physical exposure will have less of an effect on the deeper levels of expertise. The ambivalence of the review ends with a strong premise for blended learning as high promise to TVET, however, the latter is premised upon effective pedagogical and institutional design. It also recommends more longitudinal and design-based research into how certain blended models influence the behaviour and decision making of graduates in real-life work environments.
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
Adakah Kerangka TPACK Masih Relevan untuk Guru TVET Malaysia? Satu Analisis Konseptual
Malay : Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET) merupakan tunjang penting dalam pembangunan modal insan berkemahiran tinggi serta pemacu utama kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi negara berasaskan kemahiran. Dalam konteks Malaysia, usaha memperkukuh ekosistem TVET diperkasakan melalui pelbagai dasar nasional yang menekankan kebolehpasaran graduan, kerjasama industri, pendigitalan latihan serta pembangunan tenaga pengajar berkualiti (Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, 2022; UNESCO, 2021). Sehubungan itu, guru TVET perlu memiliki kompetensi profesional yang holistik bagi memastikan pengajaran dan pembelajaran kekal relevan dengan perubahan teknologi dan keperluan industri semasa. Salah satu kerangka yang sering digunakan dalam menilai keupayaan guru mengintegrasikan teknologi ialah Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Walau bagaimanapun, perkembangan pesat Revolusi Industri 4.0 (IR4.0), kecerdasan buatan (AI), automasi dan transformasi digital menimbulkan persoalan sama ada kerangka TPACK masih mencukupi dalam konteks guru TVET masa kini. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan menilai semula kerelevanan kerangka TPACK melalui pendekatan analisis konseptual berasaskan sorotan literatur semasa. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa TPACK masih signifikan sebagai asas integrasi pengetahuan kandungan, pedagogi dan teknologi. Namun demikian, kerangka ini perlu diperluas dengan memasukkan elemen kompetensi industri, literasi digital lanjutan, pedagogi berasaskan simulasi, kemahiran hijau dan kolaborasi industri. Artikel ini mencadangkan model TPACK-TVET+ sebagai kerangka yang lebih kontekstual bagi pembangunan profesional guru TVET Malaysia. English : Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) serve as a fundamental pillar in the development of a highly skilled workforce and act as a key driver of a skills-based national economy. In the Malaysian context, efforts to strengthen the TVET ecosystem have been intensified through various national policies that emphasize graduate employability, industry collaboration, training digitalization, and the development of high-quality educators (Ministry of Education Malaysia, 2022; UNESCO, 2021). Consequently, TVET teachers are required to possess holistic professional competencies to ensure that teaching and learning processes remain relevant and responsive to technological advancements and current industry demands. One of the most widely adopted frameworks used to assess teachers’ ability to integrate technology in teaching is the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. However, the rapid advancement of Industry Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0), artificial intelligence (AI), automation, and digital transformation raise questions regarding whether the TPACK framework remains sufficient in explaining the competencies required of contemporary TVET teachers. In this regard, the current demands of TVET extend beyond mere technological integration in teaching, encompassing a broader understanding of industrial ecosystems, smart technologies, and graduate employability. Therefore, this article aims to re-evaluate the relevance of the TPACK framework through a conceptual analysis based on current literature. The findings indicate that TPACK remains significant as a foundational framework for integrating content, pedagogy, and technology. Nevertheless, the framework is found to be insufficient in addressing the complexities of contemporary TVET without further contextual expansion. Accordingly, this article proposes the TPACK-TVET+ model, which integrates elements of industry competency, advanced digital literacy, simulation-based pedagogy, green skills, and industry collaboration as a more comprehensive framework for the professional development of TVET teachers in Malaysia.
Reframing Digital Competencies for Hospitality Educators in the Era of Society 5.0: A Pedagogical Integration Framework
The rapid evolution of digital technologies and the emergence of Society 5.0 have significantly transformed the landscape of higher education, particularly in practice-oriented disciplines such as hospitality education. As human-centred, technology-integrated ecosystems redefine industry operations, hospitality educators are required to possess advanced digital competencies that extend beyond basic technological literacy. However, existing digital competency models remain largely generic and inadequately contextualized for hospitality pedagogy, resulting in a gap between technological advancement and instructional practice. This study aims to reframe digital competencies for hospitality educators by developing a pedagogical integration framework aligned with the principles of Society 5.0. The research adopts a mixed-method design comprising a systematic literature review and expert consensus through a Modified Delphi technique involving specialists in hospitality education, educational technology, and curriculum development. The findings identify key competency domains, including AI literacy, digital pedagogical design, immersive technology integration, data-informed instructional decision-making, and ethical-technological governance. The proposed framework demonstrates conceptual coherence and expert validity, offering a structured model to guide curriculum enhancement, professional development, and institutional policy planning. In conclusion, the study contributes a context-specific, future-oriented digital competency framework that supports the transformation of hospitality education towards a Society 5.0-ready pedagogical ecosystem.
Implikasi Pengurusan Infrastruktur dan Kemudahan Bengkel yang Efektif dalam Institusi TVET
Malay: Pengurusan infrastruktur dan kemudahan bengkel merupakan elemen penting dalam menjamin keberkesanan pengajaran dan pembelajaran di institusi Pendidikan Teknik dan Vokasional (TVET). Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan literatur sistematik (Systematic Literature Review) untuk menganalisis 20 artikel akademik terkini berkaitan implikasi pengurusan infrastruktur dan kemudahan bengkel dalam konteks TVET. Analisis menunjukkan bahawa pengurusan infrastruktur dan kemudahan bengkel yang efektif menyumbang secara signifikan terhadap peningkatan kualiti latihan praktikal, keselamatan serta peningkatan hasil pembelajaran pelajar. Kajian juga menyorot pelbagai cabaran seperti kekangan sumber, perubahan teknologi, dan keperluan pematuhan standard kualiti yang memerlukan strategi pengurusan yang adaptif dan berterusan. Dapatan kajian ini memberikan panduan penting bagi pengurusan institusi dan pembuat dasar dalam memperkukuh pengurusan infrastruktur dan kemudahan bengkel demi memastikan TVET terus relevan dan berdaya saing dalam memenuhi keperluan industri masa depan. English: Infrastructure and workshop facility management play a crucial role in ensuring the effectiveness of teaching and learning in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions. This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to analyze 20 recent academic articles related to the implications of infrastructure and workshop facility management in the TVET context. The analysis reveals that effective infrastructure and workshop facility management significantly contribute to improving the quality of practical training, safety and student learning outcomes. The study also highlights various challenges, such as resource constraints, rapid technological changes, and compliance with quality standards, which require adaptive and continuous management strategies. These findings provide valuable insights for institutional management and policymakers to strengthen infrastructure and workshop facility management, ensuring TVET remains relevant and competitive in meeting future industry demands.
Pengurusan Infrastruktur, Kemudahan Bengkel, Keberkesanan Pengajaran, Pendidikan Teknik Dan Vokasional
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of TVET and Technology Review
Mempertingkatkan Amalan Pengurusan dalam Pendidikan TVET untuk Peningkatan Prestasi Institusi
Malay: Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti dan mensintesis amalan pengurusan utama yang menyumbang kepada peningkatan prestasi institusi dalam pendidikan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET). Menggunakan pendekatan Kajian Literatur Sistematik (SLR), sebanyak 20 artikel jurnal terpilih yang diterbitkan dalam tempoh lima tahun terkini dianalisis berdasarkan kriteria inklusi yang merangkumi keberkesanan pengurusan, pembangunan tenaga pengajar, kepimpinan institusi, pengurusan kualiti, serta penglibatan industri. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa amalan pengurusan berkesan seperti kepimpinan transformasi, pemerkasaan staf akademik, pengurusan kurikulum berasaskan industri, pelaksanaan penjaminan kualiti berterusan dan penggunaan teknologi digital yang memberi kesan signifikan terhadap peningkatan prestasi institusi TVET. Kajian turut mendapati bahawa kolaborasi strategik bersama industri memainkan peranan penting dalam menyesuaikan kompetensi graduan dengan keperluan pasaran semasa. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini menegaskan bahawa pengukuhan amalan pengurusan bukan sahaja mempertingkatkan kecekapan operasi institusi malah meningkatkan kualiti penyampaian pendidikan TVET. Implikasi kajian mencadangkan keperluan pembangunan polisi dan garis panduan pengurusan yang lebih sistematik bagi menyokong kecemerlangan institusi TVET. English: This study aims to identify and synthesise key management practices that contribute to improving institutional performance in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, 20 selected journal articles published within the last five years were analysed based on inclusion criteria focusing on management effectiveness, staff development, institutional leadership, quality management, and industry engagement. The findings reveal that effective management practices such as transformational leadership, academic staff empowerment, industry-aligned curriculum management, continuous quality assurance, and the adoption of digital technologies significantly enhance the performance of TVET institutions. The study also indicates that strategic collaboration with industry partners plays a crucial role in aligning graduate competencies with current labour market needs. Overall, the study underscores that strengthening management practices not only improves institutional operational efficiency but also elevates the quality of TVET delivery. The implications highlight the need for more systematic policies and management guidelines to support excellence in TVET institutions.
Amalan pengurusan, TVET, penigkatan prestasi
Integrasi Kemahiran Kepimpinan dan Pengurusan dalam Kurikulum TVET bagi Memperkasa Pelajar Menghadapi Cabaran Kerjaya dalam Industri
Malay: Integrasi kemahiran kepimpinan dan pengurusan dalam kurikulum Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET) bagi mempersiapkan pelajar menghadapi cabaran kerjaya dalam industri kontemporari. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap pelbagai kajian lepas, artikel ini mengetengahkan bahawa graduan TVET bukan sahaja memerlukan kemahiran teknikal, tetapi juga kompetensi kepimpinan, pengurusan projek, dan kebolehan interpersonal untuk berdaya saing dalam pasaran kerja yang dinamik. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa pendekatan seperti pembelajaran berasaskan projek, kerjasama industri, dan pembangunan kemahiran insaniah melalui aktiviti kokurikulum dapat meningkatkan kebolehpasaran pelajar. Namun, pelaksanaannya menghadapi cabaran seperti kekurangan tenaga pengajar terlatih dan kurikulum yang terlalu berorientasikan kemahiran teknikal. Artikel ini mencadangkan kerangka holistik yang menggabungkan elemen kepimpinan transformasional, pengurusan kualiti, dan kolaborasi industri untuk memperkukuh sistem TVET. Dapatan kajian menyarankan bahawa transformasi kurikulum TVET yang menyepadukan kemahiran kepimpinan dan pengurusan adalah penting bagi melahirkan graduan yang lebih adaptif, inovatif, dan bersedia memenuhi keperluan industri abad ke-21. English: The integration of leadership and management skills into the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) curriculum is essential to prepare students to face career challenges in the contemporary industry. Based on an analysis of various previous studies, this article highlights that TVET graduates require not only technical skills but also leadership competencies, project management skills, and interpersonal abilities to remain competitive in a dynamic labor market. Research shows that approaches such as project-based learning, industry collaboration, and the development of soft skills through cocurricular activities can enhance students’ employability. However, implementation faces challenges such as a shortage of trained instructors and curricula that are overly oriented toward technical skills. This article proposes a holistic framework that integrates elements of transformational leadership, quality management, and industry collaboration to strengthen the TVET system. The findings suggest that transforming the TVET curriculum by integrating leadership and management skills is crucial for producing graduates who are more adaptive, innovative, and ready to meet the demands of 21st-century industries.
Kepimpinan, Pengurusan, Kurikulum TVET, Pelajar
Pengurusan Kolaborasi Industri-Institusi dalam TVET
Malay: Kajian ini meneliti keberkesanan kolaborasi antara industri dan institusi TVET dalam meningkatkan kebolehpasaran graduan dan kualiti latihan vokasional melalui tinjauan sistematik terhadap 20 artikel (2020–2025). Tumpuan diberikan kepada tiga aspek utama: (1) faktor kejayaan, iaitu penyelarasan kurikulum dengan keperluan industri, tempoh latihan amali mencukupi dan jaringan industri strategik; (2) model inovatif, iaitu pendekatan hibrid (fizikal dan digital), platform berasaskan AI dan peranan NGO; serta (3) halangan sistemik, iaitu jurang budaya dan birokrasi. Dapatan menunjukkan insentif ekonomi, dialog berstruktur dan pembinaan kepercayaan sebagai pemangkin kerjasama. Kerangka 4P (Dasar, Amalan, Teknologi, Perkongsian) dicadangkan, termasuk cadangan penubuhan badan penyelaras kebangsaan, platform digital AI, modul literasi silang budaya dan insentif hijau bagi pihak industri. Pelaksanaan tepat dapat membina ekosistem TVET yang responsif kepada Revolusi Industri 4.0 dan sasaran pembangunan lestari. English: This study examines the effectiveness of industry and TVET institutions collaboration in enhancing graduate employability and vocational training quality through a systematic review of 20 articles (2020–2025). Three main areas are analyzed: (1) success factors, namely curriculum alignment with industry needs, adequate practicum duration and strategic industry networks; (2) innovative models, namely hybrid (physical and digital) approaches, AI-based platforms and the role of NGOs; and (3) systemic barriers, namely cultural gaps and bureaucratic challenges. Findings highlight economic incentives, structured dialogue and trust building as collaboration drivers. A 4P Framework (Policy, Practice, Platform, Partnership) is proposed, including recommendations such as a national coordinating body, an AI-driven digital platform, cross- cultural training modules and green incentives for industry. Proper implementation can create a responsive TVET ecosystem aligned with Industry 4.0 and sustainable development goals.
Kolaborasi Industri–TVET, Kebolehpasaran Graduan, Kerangka 4P, Tadbir Urus, Kolaboratif, Pembiayaan Lestari
Faktor-faktor Keberkesanan Pengurusan Kualiti Menyeluruh (TQM) di Institusi TVET
Malay: Pendidikan di Malaysia merupakan usaha berterusan untuk mengembangkan potensi individu secara menyeluruh dan berintegrasi. Artikel jurnal ini meneliti pelbagai faktor yang menyumbang kepada keberkesanan pengurusan dalam institusi Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET). Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada lima faktor utama iaitu pengukuran prestasi dan kualiti, pengurusan sumber manusia, pengurusan kewangan dan infrastruktur, kerjasama dengan industri, serta penggunaan teknologi. Dalam menilai aspek pengukuran prestasi dan kualiti, penyelidikan ini mengenal pasti pendekatan-pendekatan inovatif yang dapat mempertingkatkan proses pemantauan dan penilaian pencapaian institusi TVET. Pengurusan sumber manusia pula dianggap sebagai komponen penting, dengan penekanan terhadap strategi pembangunan tenaga kerja dan penilaian keberkesanan kemahiran sumber manusia yang dimiliki. TQM berfungsi sebagai rangka kerja strategik yang boleh meningkatkan kualiti, perkaitan dan keberkesanan program TVET dengan ketara. TQM menyediakan pendekatan holistik untuk mengurus kualiti pendidikan di institusi TVET dengan menekankan penambahbaikan berterusan, penglibatan pihak berkepentingan, pembuatan keputusan berasaskan data, dan minda berfokuskan pelanggan, yang semuanya penting untuk memenuhi piawaian industri dan keperluan pelajar. Pelaksanaan amalan TQM membantu menangani cabaran biasa dalam TVET, seperti kurikulum yang lapuk, had sumber dan ketidakselarasan dengan keperluan industri, dengan menggalakkan penilaian berterusan dan penyemakan program latihan. TQM memupuk kualiti kepimpinan seperti akauntabiliti, ketelusan, dan kerjasama di kalangan pemimpin dan kakitangan TVET, yang penting untuk mengekalkan latihan berkualiti tinggi dan memastikan graduan TVET dilengkapi dengan kemahiran yang berkaitan. English: Education in Malaysia is a continuous effort to develop individual potential in a comprehensive and integrated manner. This journal article examines various factors that contribute to the effectiveness of management in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions. This study focuses on five main factors, namely performance and quality measurement, human resource management, financial and infrastructure management, collaboration with industry, and the use of technology. In assessing the aspects of performance and quality measurement, this research identifies innovative approaches that can improve the monitoring and evaluation process of TVET institutions' achievements. Human resource management is also considered an important component, with emphasis on workforce development strategies and the evaluation of the effectiveness of human resource skills. Total Quality Management (TQM) serves as a strategic framework that can significantly enhance the quality, relevance, and effectiveness of TVET programs. TQM in education refers to a comprehensive management approach that focuses on continuous improvement of educational processes, products, and services. It emphasizes the involvement of all stakeholders such as administrators, teachers, students, and industry partners in establishing and maintaining high standards of quality. TQM provides a holistic approach to managing educational quality in TVET institutions by emphasizing continuous improvement, stakeholder engagement, data-driven decision-making, and a customer-focused mindset, which are all crucial for meeting industry standards and student needs. Implementation of TQM practices helps address common challenges in TVET, such as outdated curricula, resource limitations, and misalignment with industry requirements, by promoting constant evaluation and revision of training programs. TQM fosters leadership qualities like accountability, transparency, and collaboration among TVET leaders and staff, which are essential for sustaining high-quality training and ensuring that TVET graduates are equipped with relevant skills.
Faktor keberkesanan, pengurusan kualiti, institusi TVET
Pendekatan Strategik Pengurusan Integrasi Teknologi dalam Pendidikan Vokasional
Malay: Penerimaan teknologi dalam Latihan Pendidikan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET) merupakan satu keperluan mendesak untuk memastikan institusi kekal relevan dan kompetitif dalam era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Kajian ini menjalankan sorotan sistematik terhadap 21 artikel yang tertumpu kepada strategi kepimpinan dan pengurusan dalam memastikan penerimaan teknologi berjaya dalam kalangan tenaga pengajar dan organisasi TVET. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kepimpinan transformasi, latihan berterusan, sokongan infrastruktur, dan pendekatan pengurusan yang strategik memainkan peranan penting dalam memperkukuh penerimaan teknologi. Kajian ini menyarankan supaya penerimaan teknologi ditangani secara holistik, melibatkan dasar pendidikan, peranan pentadbir, dan penglibatan komuniti industri bagi mencapai keberkesanan jangka panjang. English: The adoption of technology in Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) is an urgent need to ensure institutions remain relevant and competitive in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0. This study conducted a systematic review of 21 articles that focused on leadership and management strategies in ensuring successful technology adoption among TVET teaching staff and organizations. The study's results show that transformational leadership, continuous training, infrastructure support, and a strategic management approach play a crucial role in strengthening technology adoption. This study suggests that technology adoption be addressed holistically, involving education policy, the role of administrators, and the involvement of the industry community to achieve long-term effectiveness.
Pendekatan strategik, pengurusan, teknologi, institusi, TVET
Malay: Artikel ini membincangkan cabaran kepimpinan dalam institusi Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET) di Malaysia. Dalam era perubahan teknologi dan kehendak industri yang pesat, kepimpinan merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keberkesanan pengurusan institusi TVET, termasuk pencapaian pelajar, hubungan dengan industri, dan kualiti latihan yang ditawarkan. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada pelbagai dimensi cabaran kepimpinan seperti kekurangan sumber manusia dan kewangan, kelemahan dalam kepimpinan transformasional, ketidakselarasan kurikulum dengan kehendak industri, serta kekangan dalam membentuk jaringan kerjasama strategik. Melalui sorotan literatur sistematik, sebanyak 30 artikel jurnal dianalisis untuk mengenal pasti corak, isu kritikal, dan pendekatan penyelesaian yang dicadangkan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan cabaran kepimpinan yang tidak ditangani secara strategik boleh menjejaskan keupayaan institusi TVET melahirkan graduan kompeten dan bersedia menghadapi dunia pekerjaan. Amalan kepimpinan yang responsif, berorientasikan industri, serta didukung dasar stabil dan sokongan pentadbiran kukuh mampu mempertingkatkan kecekapan organisasi. Namun, jurang dalam pelaksanaan dasar, kekurangan latihan kepimpinan, dan ketidakupayaan berinovasi dalam mengurus perubahan masih wujud. Artikel ini memberikan implikasi penting kepada pembuat dasar, pentadbir institusi, dan pihak berkepentingan untuk memperkukuh sistem kepimpinan TVET. Kajian ini bukan sahaja memperluas pemahaman isu kepimpinan dalam TVET tetapi juga menggariskan cadangan praktikal untuk memperkasa institusi agar memenuhi keperluan tenaga kerja masa hadapan. Sorotan ini diharap menjadi panduan berguna bagi penyelidik dan penggubal dasar dalam usaha meningkatkan keberkesanan kepimpinan pendidikan teknikal di Malaysia. English: This article discusses leadership challenges in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in Malaysia. In an era of rapid technological change and evolving industry demands, leadership plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of TVET management, including student outcomes, industry relations, and training quality. The study focuses on various leadership challenges such as shortages of human and financial resources, weaknesses in transformational leadership, misalignment of curriculum with industry needs, and difficulties in establishing strategic partnerships. Through a systematic literature review, 30 journal articles were analyzed to identify key patterns, critical issues, and proposed solutions. Findings indicate that unresolved leadership challenges can hinder TVET institutions’ ability to produce competent graduates ready for the workforce. Responsive leadership practices oriented toward industry, supported by stable policies and strong administrative backing, can enhance organizational efficiency. However, gaps remain in policy implementation, leadership training, and innovation in managing change. This article offers important implications for policymakers, institutional administrators, and stakeholders to strengthen TVET leadership systems. It not only expands understanding of leadership issues in TVET but also provides practical recommendations to empower institutions to meet future workforce demands. The review aims to serve as a valuable guide for researchers and policymakers striving to improve technical education leadership in Malaysia.
Kepimpinan TVET, Cabaran Kepimpinan, Pendidikan Teknikal dan Vokasional, Pengurusan Pendidikan
Peranan Kompetensi Kepimpinan dan Pengurusan Dalam Menyumbang Kepada Kesediaan Kerjaya Graduan TVET
Malay: Kajian ini dijalankan bagi menilai peranan kompetensi kepimpinan dan pengurusan dalam menyumbang kepada tahap kesediaan kerjaya graduan Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET). Dalam era globalisasi dan Revolusi Industri 4.0, aspek kepimpinan dan pengurusan dilihat semakin penting dalam membentuk graduan yang bukan sahaja mahir secara teknikal, tetapi juga memiliki keupayaan insaniah yang diperlukan oleh industri. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kajian Literatur Sistematik (Systematic Literature Review, SLR) berdasarkan garis panduan PRISMA. Sebanyak 274 artikel telah dikenal pasti melalui lima pangkalan data utama, dan selepas melalui proses saringan dan penilaian, sebanyak 20 artikel akhir dianalisis secara menyeluruh. Hasil sintesis mendapati bahawa kompetensi kepimpinan dan pengurusan memainkan peranan penting dalam meningkatkan keyakinan diri, keupayaan membuat keputusan, kebolehsuaian terhadap perubahan, serta kebolehpasaran graduan. Kajian ini turut mencadangkan agar institusi TVET mengintegrasikan latihan kepimpinan dan pengurusan dalam kurikulum serta memperkukuh kerjasama industri bagi meningkatkan keberkesanan penyediaan kerjaya graduan. Implikasi kajian ini memberi panduan berguna kepada penggubal dasar, pendidik, dan pihak industri dalam membangunkan strategi pendidikan TVET yang lebih relevan dan responsif terhadap keperluan pasaran kerja masa kini. English: This study aims to evaluate the role of leadership and management competencies in contributing to the career readiness of graduates from Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions. In the era of globalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, leadership and management skills are increasingly viewed as essential in shaping graduates who are not only technically proficient but also equipped with soft skills demanded by the industry. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach based on PRISMA guidelines. A total of274 articles were initially identified from five major academic databases, and after screening and eligibility assessment, 20 articles were selected for in-depth analysis. The findings indicate that leadership and management competencies play a significant role in enhancing graduates’ self-confidence, decision-making abilities, adaptability to change, and overall employability. The study recommends the integration of leadership and management training into the TVET curriculum and the strengthening of industry partnerships to improve graduate career readiness. The implications of this study offer valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and industry stakeholders in developing a more responsive and relevant TVET education strategy aligned with current labour market demands.
TVET, Kompetensi Kepimpinan, Kompetensi Pengurusan, Kesediaan Kerjaya
Penggunaan ChatGPT Sebagai Pemudahcara atau Pengganti Guru?
Malay: Perkembangan pesat kecerdasan buatan (AI) khususnya ChatGPT telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam bidang pendidikan, termasuk Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET). Kajian ini membincangkan isu kebergantungan pelajar terhadap ChatGPT, peranan teknologi pendidikan dalam menyokong proses pembelajaran, serta impaknya terhadap bidang teknologi pendidikan dan profesion keguruan. ChatGPT menawarkan pelbagai kelebihan seperti akses maklumat segera, pembelajaran diperibadikan, sokongan penghasilan bahan pengajaran dan automasi tugasan rutin guru. Namun demikian, wujud kebimbangan berkaitan penyalahgunaan, ketepatan maklumat, isu plagiat, privasi data, serta perubahan terhadap peranan tradisional guru sebagai pendidik, pembimbing dan pembentuk nilai. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa walaupun ChatGPT merupakan alat bantu yang berkesan dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran, ia tidak mampu menggantikan interaksi manusia, bimbingan emosi, dan nilai pedagogi yang dibawa oleh guru. Oleh itu, penggunaan AI dalam pendidikan perlu dilaksanakan secara beretika, seimbang dan berhemah agar ia benar-benar berfungsi sebagai pemudah cara yang meningkatkan kualiti pengajaran dan pembelajaran, bukan sebagai pengganti guru. English: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT, has introduced substantial transformations within the education sector, including Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). This study examines students’ growing dependence on ChatGPT, the role of educational technology in facilitating learning, and the broader implications for the field of educational technology and the teaching profession. ChatGPT offers notable benefits such as immediate access to information, personalized learning experiences, enhanced support for instructional material development, and the automation of routine teaching tasks. Nevertheless, concerns persist regarding potential misuse, information accuracy, plagiarism, data privacy, and shifts in the traditional functions of teachers as educators, mentors, and moral guides. The findings suggest that although ChatGPT serves as an effective supplementary tool in teaching and learning, it cannot replace human interaction, emotional guidance, and the pedagogical values that teachers embody. Consequently, the integration of AI in education must be approached ethically and judiciously to ensure that it enhances instructional quality rather than displacing the essential role of teachers.
Kecerdasan buatan (AI), ChatGPT, Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET)
Kesediaan Institusi TVET Ke Arah Penggunaan Teknologi Kecerdasan Buatan
Malay: Artikel ini membincangkan perkembangan dan pengintegrasian Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence, AI) dalam pendidikan, khususnya Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET). AI telah berkembang sejak 1956 daripada aplikasi awal seperti perisian permainan dan sistem terjemahan mesin kepada teknologi moden seperti pembelajaran mesin, pengenalan imej, pemprosesan bahasa semula jadi, dan sistem bimbingan pintar. Dalam pendidikan, AI berpotensi meningkatkan kecekapan pengajaran, pembelajaran, pentadbiran, pembangunan kurikulum, bimbingan kerjaya, serta latihan praktikal melalui simulasi dan realiti maya. English: This article discusses the development and integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), particularly in education. AI has evolved significantly since 1956, progressing from early applications such as gaming software and machine translation systems to modern technologies like machine learning, image recognition, natural language processing, and intelligent guidance systems. In education, AI has the potential to enhance the efficiency of teaching, learning, administration, curriculum development, career guidance, and practical training through the use of simulation and virtual reality.
Gender equality is a key component of sustainable national development, particularly in the welding industry where gender disparities remain prominent. The welding industry is one such sector in which women continue to be underrepresented despite growing awareness and policy efforts aimed at encouraging their involvement. This paper explores gender equality in the welding industry by examining trends, challenges, and structural factors that influence women’s participation. Although Malaysia has introduced various policies, educational initiatives, and workforce strategies to promote gender equity, women’s involvement in welding remains low due to persistent cultural norms, stereotypes, and societal perceptions that associate welding with heavy physical work and male dominance. Technological advancements such as automation and improved safety measures have reduced the physical demands of welding and created more opportunities for women; however, systemic barriers continue to restrict their progress. These barriers include unequal access to hands-on training, limited exposure to technical tasks, a shortage of female mentors, and subtle forms of workplace discrimination that affect confidence, motivation, and career advancement. Gender equality in welding is essential not only for social fairness but also for increasing the nation’s talent pool, strengthening industry competitiveness, and supporting broader economic goals. Greater female participation can enhance workforce diversity, stimulate innovation, and contribute to Malaysia’s commitments to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those related to quality education, decent work, and reduced inequalities. This paper highlights the need for integrated approaches—combining educational reforms, supportive institutional policies, workplace inclusivity, and societal awareness—to create equitable opportunities for all individuals and build a more resilient, future-ready technical workforce.
Penggunaan Teknologi dalam Pengurusan TVET
Malay: Artikel ini membincangkan peranan teknologi dalam mengubah landskap pendidikan teknikal dan latihan vokasional (TVET) di era Industri 4.0. Kajian ini meneliti bagaimana teknologi, terutamanya alat digital seperti Sistem Pengurusan Pembelajaran (LMS) dan alat ICT, telah meningkatkan kualiti pengajaran, pembelajaran, dan pengurusan dalam institusi TVET. Fokus utama adalah pada peranan kepimpinan dan pengurusan dalam menggerakkan integrasi teknologi ini untuk memastikan pendidikan yang relevan dengan keperluan industri moden. Selain itu, kajian ini juga mengkaji cabaran yang dihadapi dalam pengimplementasian teknologi, termasuk jurang digital dan penolakan terhadap perubahan, serta strategi untuk mengatasi halangan tersebut. Melalui analisis literatur yang melibatkan pelbagai kajian dan artikel, kajian ini menggariskan pentingnya perancangan yang menyeluruh, latihan berterusan untuk pengajar, dan penglibatan semua pihak berkepentingan dalam memastikan kejayaan transformasi digital dalam TVET. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menekankan bahawa pengurusan yang berkesan dan kepimpinan yang inovatif adalah kunci untuk mempercepatkan penggunaan teknologi dalam TVET, seterusnya meningkatkan kualiti pendidikan dan memperkasakan tenaga kerja digital. English: This journal discusses the role of technology in transforming the landscape of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in the era of Industry 4.0. This study examines how technology, particularly digital tools such as Learning Management Systems (LMS) and ICT tools, has enhanced the quality of teaching, learning, and management within TVET institutions. The main focus is on the role of leadership and management in driving the integration of these technologies to ensure education that is relevant to the needs of modern industry. Additionally, this study explores the challenges faced in the implementation of technology, including the digital divide and resistance to change, as well as strategies to overcome these barriers. Through a literature analysis involving various studies and articles, this research outlines the importance of comprehensive planning, continuous training for instructors, and the involvement of all stakeholders to ensure the success of digital transformation in TVET. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that effective management and innovative leadership are key to accelerating the use of technology in TVET, ultimately improving the quality of education and empowering the digital workforce.
Kepimpinan dan pengurusan, penggunaan teknologi, TVET
Impak Kepimpinan Terhadap Keberkesanan TVET
Malay: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji impak kepimpinan terhadap keberkesanan Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET). Kepimpinan yang berkesan di dalam institusi TVET memainkan peranan penting dalam meningkatkan prestasi pelajar, penglibatan guru, dan kualiti penyampaian pendidikan. Kajian ini meneliti pelbagai pendekatan kepimpinan, termasuk kepimpinan transformasional, inovatif dan adaptif, serta bagaimana ia mempengaruhi suasana pembelajaran, motivasi pelajar dan guru, serta keberkesanan keseluruhan organisasi. Selain itu, kajian ini menekankan keperluan bagi pemimpin TVET untuk melengkapkan diri dengan kemahiran kepimpinan yang relevan dan mendalam, serta pentingnya program latihan kepimpinan berterusan untuk memastikan penyesuaian dengan perubahan teknologi dan keperluan industri kini. Dapatan kajian daripada 20 jurnal menunjukkan bahawa kepimpinan yang menyokong kolaborasi, kreativiti, dan pengembangan profesional dapat meningkatkan kualiti pendidikan TVET, seterusnya menghasilkan graduan yang berkemahiran tinggi dan memenuhi keperluan pasaran pekerjaan. Oleh itu, pembangunan kepimpinan yang berterusan adalah kritikal dalam mencapai kejayaan jangka panjang institusi TVET dan menyumbang kepada kemajuan ekonomi serta sosial negara. English: This study aims to examine the impact of leadership on the effectiveness of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). Effective leadership in TVET institutions plays a crucial role in improving student performance, teacher engagement, and the quality of educational delivery. This study explores various leadership approaches, including transformational, innovative, and adaptive leadership, and how they influence the learning environment, student and teacher motivation, as well as the overall effectiveness of the organization. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for TVET leaders to equip themselves with relevant and in-depth leadership skills, as well as the importance of continuous leadership training programs to ensure adaptation to technological changes and current industry demands. Findings from 20 journals indicate that leadership that supports collaboration, creativity, and professional development can enhance the quality of TVET education, ultimately producing skilled graduates who meet the needs of the job market. Therefore, continuous leadership development is critical in achieving the long-term success of TVET institutions and contributing to the economic and social progress of the country.
Cabaran Kepimpinan, kepimpinan, TVET, impak kepimpinan
Peranan Kepimpinan Terhadap Peningkatan Kemahiran Generik dalam TVET untuk Kebolehpasaran Graduan
Malay: Kepimpinan merupakan elemen penting dalam pembangunan kemahiran insaniah atau generik, terutamanya dalam konteks Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET). Kemahiran seperti komunikasi, penyelesaian masalah, kerja berpasukan, kepimpinan serta professionalisme adalah kritikal untuk memastikan pelajar TVET mampu memenuhi keperluan pasaran kerja yang dinamik. Walaupun kemahiran kepimpinan dianggap sebagai salah satu daripada 5 asas kemahiran generik, kemahiran ini mempunyai pengaruh besar dalam membentuk kemahiran generik lain. Sehubungan dengan itu, objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka kajian teori berkaitan peranan kepimpinan terhadap peningkatan kemahiran generik dalam TVET untuk kebolehpasaran graduan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) untuk meneroka kaitan antara amalan kepimpinan dan peningkatan kemahiran generik dalam kalangan pelajar TVET untuk kebolehpasaran graduan. Proses kajian melibatkan pencarian literatur daripada pangkalan data utama seperti Scopus, Web of Science, Research Gate dan lain-lain, dengan menggunakan kata kunci berkaitan. Daripada kajian literature 21 artikel telah dipilih, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa sifat kepimpinan memberi kesan positif dalam membina kemahiran insaniah dan generik pelajar, terutamanya dalam bidang TVET. Hasil kajian ini juga memberikan panduan kepada pemimpin institusi TVET, pembuat dasar, dan penyelidik untuk membangunkan strategi yang lebih terarah dalam meningkatkan kemahiran generik pelajar yang mampu meningkatkan kebolehpasaran graduan, melalui pendekatan kepimpinan yang strategik. English: Leadership is a critical element in the development of soft or generic skills, particularly in the context of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). Skills such as communication, problem-solving, teamwork, leadership, and professionalism are essential to ensure TVET students meet the dynamic demands of the job market. Although leadership is considered one of the five core generic skills, it has a significant influence on shaping other generic skills. In this regard, the primary objective of this study is to explore theoretical studies on the role of leadership in enhancing generic skills within TVET for graduate employability. This study adopts the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to investigate the relationship between leadership practices and the improvement of soft skills among TVET students, focusing on graduate employability. The research process involved reviewing literature from major databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, ResearchGate, and others, using relevant keywords. From the literature review, 21 articles were selected. The findings indicate that leadership traits positively impact the development of students’ soft and generic skills, particularly within the TVET domain. This study provides valuable insights for TVET institutional leaders, policymakers, and researchers to develop more targeted strategies for enhancing students’ generic skills, thereby improving graduate employability through strategic leadership approaches.
TVET, kepimpinan, kemahiran insaniah, kemahiran generik, kebolehpasaran graduan
Amalan Terbaik dalam Pengurusan Institusi TVET
Malay: Jurnal artikel ini menyelidik amalan-amalan baik yang membantu keberkesanan pengurusan dalam institusi Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET). Amalan-amalan baik yang telah dikumpulkan untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan pengurusan TVET ialah amalan transformasi dalam pengurusan TVET dan pematuhan standard ISO, pengurusan sumber manusia, pengurusan kewangan, autonomi dalam pengurusan, pengurusan aset dan risiko, nilai tambah pelajar dan pengurusan koperat. Hasil kajian literatur sistematik dengan 20 buah artikel yang digunakan melalui platform secara atas talian iaitu melalui enjin carian Google Scholar, Semantic dan Mendeleymendapati amalan- amalan baik ini menyokong serta dapat memberikan halaju pada pengkaji akan datang bagi tujuan pemambahbaikan aspek pengurusan institusi pada masa hadapan. English: This journal article investigates the best practices influencing the effectiveness of management in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions. There are transformation practices, compliance with ISO standard practices, human resources management, financial management, autonomy in management, asset management and risk management, student value-added and corporate management. The results of a systematic literature review with 20 articles used through an online platform, namely Google Scholar, Semantic and Mendeley search engines, found that these good practices support and can provide momentum to future researchers to improve aspects of institutional management in the future.
Amalan-amalan baik, Pengurusan, Institusi TVET
Isu dan Cabaran Kepimpinan dalam Mentadbir Urus Institusi PLTV
Malay: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti isu dan cabaran kepimpinan dalam mentadbir urus institusi Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (PLTV) di Malaysia. Melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR), sebanyak 36 artikel berkaitan telah dikenalpasti, di mana 34 artikel telah disaring dan 20 artikel terpilih untuk analisis lanjut. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa struktur kepimpinan dan pengurusan dalam institusi PLTV sering kali dianggap lemah dan tidak berkesan, dengan cabaran utama termasuk kekurangan pengetahuan dan kemahiran kepimpinan, komunikasi yang lemah, serta beban kerja yang tinggi. Penelitian ini menekankan perlunya langkah perubahan yang strategik untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan kepimpinan dalam institusi PLTV, agar dapat menyokong perkembangan sistem pendidikan teknikal dan vokasional yang lebih baik. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan panduan untuk penambahbaikan dalam pengurusan dan kepimpinan institusi PLTV di masa hadapan. English: This study aims to identify leadership issues and challenges in the governance of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in Malaysia. Through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, a total of 36 relevant articles were identified, of which 34 articles were screened and 20 articles were selected for further analysis. Findings indicate that the leadership and management structures in TVET institutions are often considered weak and ineffective, with key challenges including lack of knowledge and leadership skills, poor communication, and high workload. This study emphasizes the need for strategic change measures to improve the effectiveness of leadership in TVET institutions, in order to support the development of a better technical and vocational education system. The results of this study are expected to provide guidance for improvements in the management and leadership of TVET institutions in the future.
Isu dan cabaran, kepimpinan, pengurusan, institusi teknikal dan vokasional
Integrasi Teknologi dalam TVET: Pengurusan dan Cabaran Pelaksanaan
Malay : Artikel membincangkan peranan teknologi dalam mengubah landskap pendidikan teknikal dan latihan vokasional (TVET) di era Industri 4.0. Kajian ini meneliti bagaimana teknologi, terutamanya alat digital seperti Sistem Pengurusan Pembelajaran (LMS) dan alat ICT, telah meningkatkan kualiti pengajaran, pembelajaran, dan pengurusan dalam institusi TVET. Fokus utama adalah pada peranan kepimpinan dan pengurusan dalam menggerakkan integrasi teknologi ini untuk memastikan pendidikan yang relevan dengan keperluan industri moden. Selain itu, kajian ini juga mengkaji cabaran yang dihadapi dalam pengimplementasian teknologi, termasuk jurang digital dan penolakan terhadap perubahan, serta strategi untuk mengatasi halangan tersebut. Melalui analisis literatur yang melibatkan pelbagai kajian dan artikel, kajian ini menggariskan pentingnya perancangan yang menyeluruh, latihan berterusan untuk pengajar, dan penglibatan semua pihak berkepentingan dalam memastikan kejayaan transformasi digital dalam TVET. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menekankan bahawa pengurusan yang berkesan dan kepimpinan yang inovatif adalah kunci untuk mempercepatkan penggunaan teknologi dalam TVET, seterusnya meningkatkan kualiti pendidikan dan memperkasakan tenaga kerja digital. English : This article explores the role of technology in reshaping the landscape of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in the era of Industry 4.0. It examines how digital technologies, particularly Learning Management Systems (LMS) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools, have enhanced the quality of teaching, learning, and institutional management in TVET. Attention is given to the role of leadership and management in driving technology integration and ensuring that TVET remains responsive to the evolving needs of modern industries. The article also examines key challenges associated with technology implementation, including the digital divide and resistance to change, as well as strategies for addressing these barriers. Through an analysis of relevant literature and previous studies, the findings highlight the importance of comprehensive strategic planning, continuous professional development for educators, and active stakeholder engagement in ensuring the success of digital transformation in TVET. The article concludes that effective management and innovative leadership are critical to accelerating strategic technology integration, enhancing the quality of TVET, and preparing a digitally competent workforce for the future.
Isu dan Cabaran Pendidikan Teknikal dan Latihan Vokasional (TVET) Terhadap Keperluan Revolusi Industri (IR4.0)
Malay: Pendidikan Teknikal dan Latihan Vokasional (TVET) adalah sistem penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi dan penghasilan tenaga kerja berkemahiran tinggi. Namun, ketidakpadanan kemahiran yang ketara antara pendidikan formal dan keperluan pasaran kerja telah menjadi cabaran utama, terutamanya dalam konteks perkembangan teknologi dan keperluan Revolusi Industri 4.0 (IR4.0). Kajian ini menganalisis cabaran utama sistem TVET, termasuk kekurangan latihan berasaskan industri dan kurikulum yang kurang relevan. Dengan membandingkan amalan terbaik global seperti model dual-training di Jerman, kajian ini mencadangkan langkah strategik untuk menyelesaikan ketidakpadanan kemahiran melalui reformasi kurikulum, peningkatan kerjasama industri-akademia, dan integrasi teknologi IR4.0. Hasil kajian ini menyarankan pendekatan holistik yang mampu memperkukuh keberkesanan sistem TVET di Malaysia. Dalam konteks ini, reformasi sistem Pendidikan Teknikal dan Latihan Vokasional (TVET) adalah kritikal untuk mengurangkan ketidakpadanan kemahiran antara graduan TVET dan keperluan industri. Kajian ini menganalisis cabaran utama dalam sistem TVET Malaysia, seperti kekurangan latihan berasaskan industri, kurikulum yang tidak relevan, dan kerjasama terhad antara akademia dan industri. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa reformasi TVET yang strategik dapat menyediakan tenaga kerja berkemahiran tinggi yang mampu memenuhi keperluan IR4.0, seterusnya mengurangkan kadar pengangguran dalam kalangan graduan. Selain itu, sistem TVET yang mantap dapat meningkatkan daya saing industri Malaysia di peringkat global dan menarik pelaburan asing melalui penyediaan tenaga kerja yang kompeten. Pendekatan holistik yang menggabungkan reformasi kurikulum, integrasi teknologi IR4.0, dan kerjasama erat dengan pihak industri disarankan untuk memperkukuh keberkesanan sistem TVET dan menyokong transformasi ekonomi negara. English: The Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is an important mechanism of economic growth and development and production of human capital. Nevertheless, major skills gaps between the conventional system of education and employment market persist as a daunting issue in terms of the requirements of technological enhanced economy and IR4.0 at large. Some emergent issues in the specified TVET system as considered in this study include inadequate training in industry and tvet curriculum disconnection. Following the benchmarking of global practices like Germany’s dual training system, the study brings out the solutions to design and implement TVET reform solution plan that focuses on the adoption of curriculum change, collaboration between industry and academic instit qtions, and integration of IR4.0 technologies to close the skill gap, thereby suggesting a more comprehensive pathway to build Malaysia’s TVET system. In this context, reforming the Technical Education and Vocational Training (TVET) system is critical to reduce the skills mismatch between TVET graduates and industry needs. This study analyzes the main challenges in Malaysia's TVET system, such as lack of industry-based training, irrelevant curriculum, and limited collaboration between academia and industry. In addition, a robust TVET system can increase the competitiveness of Malaysian industry at the global level and attract foreign investment through the provision of a competent workforce. A holistic approach that combines curriculum reform, IR4.0 technology integration, and close collaboration with industry is recommended to strengthen the effectiveness of the TVET system and support the country's economic transformation.
TVET, Ketidakpadanan Kemahiran, Revolusi Industri 4.0, Kerjasama Industri-Akademia, Pembaharuan Kurikulum.
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pelajar Sijil Vokasional Malaysia (SVM) Dalam Menjalani Latihan Industri Bagi Menyokong Kod Amalan Akreditasi Program TVET (COPTPA)
Malay: Latihan industri merupakan satu peluang untuk mendapatkan pengalaman dan pendedahan kepada pelajar Sijil Vokasional Malaysia (SVM) bagi meneroka dunia realiti alam pekerjaan kelak. Latihan industri merupakan satu daripada program kurikulum baharu yang dibentuk bagi mereka dalam menyokong kod amalan akreditasi program TVET (COPTPA). Masalah yang dikenal pasti berdasarkan pembacaan pengkaji berkaitan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pelajar dalam menjalani latihan industri ialah dari segi minat, pendapatan, pengaruh rakan sebaya dan keluarga, sokongan indsutri serta tahap kemahiran pelajar itu sendiri. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pelajar SVM dalam menjalani latihan industri bagi menyokong COPTPA secara berkesan, releven dan strategik. Hasil kajian literatur dengan 20 buah artikel yang dicapai melalui Google Scholar menggunakan kaedah kajian literatur sistematik. Kajian ini juga menggunakan jurnal artikel, posedur dan tesis yang telah diterbit dan dimuat naik dalam pengkalan data Google Scholar dalam tempoh 8 tahun terdekat bermula 2017 hingga 2024 sebagai rujukan penyelidik. Dapatan kajian mendapati latihan industri sebagai satu wadah menjalin hubungan kebersamaan bersama industri di samping satu pelaksaaan dan pengurusan proses kerjaya pelajar. Latihan industri dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor tertentu seperti minat, pendapatan, pengaruh rakan sebaya dan keluarga, sokongan industri serta nilai kemahiran pelajar. Konklusinya, latihan industri mampu mendatangkan kesan yang positif terhadap pasaran industri dan institusi pendidkan TVET dalam membantu pendidikan negara menerobos kemajuan industri keempat yang penuh mencabar. English: Industrial training is an opportunity for Malaysian Vocational Certificate (SVM) students to gain experience and exposure, enabling them to explore the realities of the working world. It is one of the newly developed curriculum programs designed to support the Code of Practice for TVET Program Accreditation (COPTPA). The issues identified based on the researcher's reading regarding the factors influencing students during industrial training include interest, income, peer and family influence, industry support, and the students' own skill levels. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting SVM students in undergoing industrial training to effectively, relevantly, and strategically support COPTPA. The study's findings are based on a systematic literature review (SLR) of 20 articles retrieved via Google Scholar. The review incorporates journal articles, procedures, and theses published and uploaded to Google Scholar over the past eight years (2017–2024) as reference materials. The findings suggest that industrial training serves as a platform for fostering collaboration with industry while implementing and managing students' career processes. Industrial training is influenced by certain factors such as interest, income, peer and family influence, industry support, and the value of students' skills. In conclusion, industrial training has the potential to positively impact TVET students by producing skilled workers for the industrial sector. This supports COPTPA and contributes to the nation's ability to navigate the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution.
Alat Bantu Mengajar (ABM), Interaktif, Keberkesanan ABM, Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT)
Cabaran Bagi Kepimpinan dan Pengurusan Institusi Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET) Dalam Revolusi Perindustrian Keempat (IR 4.0)
Malay: Artikel jurnal ini mengkaji cabaran yang dihadapi oleh kepimpinan dan pengurusan institusi TVET dalam IR 4.0. Revolusi Perindustrian Keempat (IR 4.0) telah membawa kepada era kemajuan teknologi yang belum pernah berlaku sebelum ini, membentuk semula landskap ekonomi global dan memerlukan anjakan paradigma dalam kepimpinan dan pengurusan Institusi Teknikal dan Vokasional (TVET). Ketika era IR 4.0 berlangsung, institusi TVET berada di tengah-tengah gelombang transformatif di mana mereka perlu merapatkan jurang antara kemahiran tradisional dan permintaan industri yang berkembang. Hasil kajian literatur sistematik dengan 20 artikel jurnal digunakan untuk mengenal pasti cabaran yang dihadapi oleh kepimpinan dan pengurusan institusi TVET dalam menghadapi IR 4.0. Pemimpin menghadapi tugas sukar untuk mentakrifkan semula kurikulum, menggabungkan teknologi baru muncul, dan memupuk budaya penyesuaian dalam kalangan fakulti dan pelajar. Tekanan untuk menyelaraskan objektif pendidikan dengan keperluan industri yang berubah dengan pantas menimbulkan cabaran pengurusan yang ketara, yang memerlukan strategi proaktif untuk pembangunan kurikulum dan peningkatan kemahiran yang berterusan. Tambahan pula, pengenalan automasi, kecerdasan buatan dan pendigitalan memberikan cabaran kepada kepimpinan dan pengurusan institusi TVET dalam memastikan perkaitan pendidikan teknikal. Keperluan untuk infrastruktur terkini, makmal termaju, dan kemudahan latihan yang berkaitan dengan industri memerlukan perancangan kewangan strategik dan peruntukan sumber. Di samping itu, kemunculan IR 4.0 menuntut penilaian semula metodologi pengajaran di institusi TVET. Penyepaduan teknologi dalam pedagogi memerlukan program pembangunan fakulti, memerlukan peralihan dalam pendekatan kepimpinan ke arah memupuk budaya pembelajaran berterusan. Hasil kajian juga mendapati adalah penting bagi pemimpin TVET untuk mewujudkan perkongsian yang kukuh dengan industri dan badan kawal selia. Kerjasama dengan pihak berkepentingan adalah penting untuk menyelaraskan hasil pendidikan dengan keperluan industri dan memastikan graduan bersedia secukupnya untuk permintaan tenaga kerja IR 4.0. Kemahiran komunikasi, perundingan dan diplomasi yang berkesan menjadi sangat diperlukan bagi pemimpin yang mengemudi rangkaian hubungan yang kompleks dalam landskap perindustrian yang berkembang pesat. Kesimpulannya, kejayaan dalam persekitaran dinamik ini bergantung kepada keupayaan untuk menerima perubahan, memupuk inovasi, dan memupuk hubungan sinergi antara akademik dan industri. Mengemudi cabaran IR 4.0 memerlukan kepimpinan yang berwawasan, pengurusan strategik dan komitmen untuk menyediakan tenaga kerja yang mampu memenuhi kriteria yang diperlukan untuk menghadapi Revolusi Perindustrian Keempat (IR 4.0). English: This journal article examines the challenges faced by the leadership and management of TVET institutions in IR 4.0. The Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) has ushered in an era of unprecedented technological advancement, reshaping the global economic landscape and requiring a paradigm shift in the leadership and management of Technical and Vocational Institutions (TVET). As the era of IR 4.0 unfolds, TVET institutions are at the centre of a transformative wave where they have to bridge the gap between traditional skills and evolving industry demands. The results of a systematic literature review with 20 journal articles were used to identify the challenges faced by the leadership and management of TVET institutions in facing IR 4.0. Leaders face the difficult task of redefining curriculum, incorporating emerging technologies, and fostering a culture of adaptation among faculty and students. The pressure to align educational objectives with rapidly changing industry needs poses significant management challenges, which require a proactive strategy for curriculum development and ongoing skills upgrading. Furthermore, the introduction of automation, artificial intelligence and digitization presents challenges to the leadership and management of TVET institutions in ensuring the relevance of technical education. The need for state-of-the-art infrastructure, advanced laboratories, and industry-relevant training facilities requires strategic financial planning and resource allocation. In addition, the emergence of IR 4.0 demands a reassessment of teaching methodologies in TVET institutions. The integration of technology in pedagogy requires faculty development programs, requiring a shift in leadership approach towards fostering a culture of continuous learning. The results of the study also found that it is important for TVET leaders to establish strong partnerships with industry and regulatory bodies. Collaboration with stakeholders is essential to align educational outcomes with industry needs and ensure graduates are adequately prepared for IR 4.0 workforce demands. Effective communication, negotiation and diplomacy skills are becoming indispensable for leaders navigating the complex web of relationships in a rapidly evolving industrial landscape. In conclusion, success in this dynamic environment depends on the ability to embrace change, foster innovation, and foster synergistic relationships between academia and industry. Navigating the challenges of IR 4.0 requires visionary leadership, strategic management and commitment to provide a workforce capable of meeting the criteria required to face the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0).
Cabaran IR 4.0, kepimpinan, pengurusan, TVET
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of TVET and Technology Review
Kompetensi Kepimpinan Pertengahan Di Institusi Pendidikan Latihan Dan Teknikal (TVET)
Malay: Kertas kajian literatur bersistematik ini bertujuan untuk mengetengahkan kompetensi bagi pemimpin pertengahan dalam institusi pendidikan TVET. Sehingga kini masih wujud pemimpin pertengahan masih keliru dan menghadapi konflik peranan dalam melaksanakan tanggungjawab mereka. Oleh yang demikian, kompetensi bagi barisan kepimpinan ini harus dikaji dengan lebih lanjut agar kepimpinan mereka terus releban dengan perkembangan semasa dalam dunia pendidikan sementelah dunia hari ini sentiasa berdepan dengan situasi yang mudah berubah, ketidakpastian dan kompleks. Berdasarkan kaedah kajian literatur sistematik, empat kompetensi telah dikenal pasti iaitu kemahiran kognitif, kemahiran teknikal, kemahiran interpersonal dan kemahiran strategik. Kertas kajian ini adalah signifikan kerana telah memberi satu hala tuju bagi para pemimpin pertengahan dalam institusi pendidikan TVET yang semakin berkembang maju dalam kalangan masyarakat. English: This systematic literature review aims to highlight the competencies of middle leaders in TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training) institutions. Till today, middlel leaders have often been confused and faced role conflicts in fulfilling their responsibilities. Therefore, the competencies of this leadership group need to be further examined to ensure their leadership remains relevant to current developments in the education world, given that today's world constantly faces rapidly changing, uncertain, and complex situations. Based on the systematic literature review method, four competencies have been identified: cognitive skills, technical skills, interpersonal skills, and strategic skills. This research paper is significant as it provides guidance for mid-level leaders in TVET institutions, which are progressively advancing within society.
Kecekapan, Pemimpin Pertengahan, Pengurusan Pertengahan
Cabaran Kepimpinan: Analisis Terhadap Pemimpin Wanita Dalam Bidang TVET
Malay: Jurnal artikel ini penyelidik mengkaji cabaran dan halangan pemimpin wanita dalam institusi TVET. Terdapat pelbagai cabaran serta halangan yang dihadapi oleh golongan pemimpin wanita masa kini yang telah dikategorikan kepada beberapa faktor antaranya faktor individu, faktor budaya dan Masyarakat serta faktor institusi dan struktur. Analisis terhadap kepimpinan wanita dalam bidang TVET merupakan satu pendekatan yang baik dan sangat releven pada masa kini kerana isu ini masih menjadi topik utama dalam sesetengah organisasi. Hal ini demikian kerana, institusi TVET sangat memerlukan pengurusan dan kepimpinan yang berkaliber serta bertanggungjawab melaksanakan amanah yang dipertanggunjawabkan dengan baik dalam melakukan perubahan dalam sistem pengurusan institusi TVET kearah pencapaian yang unggul dan berkualiti bagi menjaminkan kecemerlangan institusi TVET tanpa ada diskriminasi antara kedua jantina. Hasil kajian literatur sistematik dengan 21 buah artikel yang digunakan melalui platform secara atas talian Google Scholar mendapati analisis cabaran dan halangan pemimpin wanita dalam institusi TVET merupakan satu langkah yang proaktif bagi membantu pihak pengurusan terutamanya dalam institusi TVET untuk malaksanakan transformasi yang komprehensif bagi memastikan isu diskriminasi kepimpinanan terhadap wanita ini dapat diatasi dan seterusnya menjadikan setiap organisasi yang dipimpin sama ada oleh lelaki dan perempuan adalah bertujuan bagi meningkatkan lagi kualiti dalam bidang TVET. English: This journal article examines the challenges and barriers of female leaders in TVET institutions. There are various challenges and obstacles faced by women leaders today which have been categorized into several factors including individual factors, cultural and societal factors as well as institutional and structural factors. Analysis of women's leadership in the field of TVET is a good approach and very relevant nowadays because this issue is still a major topic in some organizations. This is so because, TVET institutions are in dire need of high caliber management and leadership and are responsible for carrying out the trust that is well-accounted for in making changes in the management system of TVET institutions towards superior and quality achievements in order to guarantee the excellence of TVET institutions without any discrimination between the two sexes. The results of a systematic literature review with 21 articles used through the Google Scholar online platform found that the analysis of the challenges and obstacles of female leaders in TVET institutions is a proactive step to help the management especially in TVET institutions to implement a comprehensive transformation to ensure the issue of leadership discrimination against women can be overcome and further make every organization led by either men or women aims to further improve the quality in the field of TVET.
The University Bus Tracking System Employs the Internet of Things
Transportation serves as an efficient means of travel. In the current age of globalisation, transit is essential for a nation's economic progress. The legal foundation for accountability in a public service company now mandates the provision of exceptional and high-quality service. At now, students, especially those lacking personal transport, depend on school-provided transit to traverse the campus. However, a problem arose when students could not access the position and location while the bus was in transit. Users experience challenges stemming from the unpredictability of the bus's arrival timetable, resulting in an indeterminate waiting duration. We created an Internet of Things (IoT)-based bus tracking system for Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) to address the issue. This system allows users to effortlessly obtain real-time data regarding the bus's present location, position, and projected arrival time at each stop. The investigator employed the Design Thinking Process (DTP) framework in this investigation. The procedure comprises five stages: empathy, decision-making, ideation, prototyping, and testing. The findings of the analysis confirm the successful development and intended operation of the system. Moreover, the system can accurately display the bus's position and location while also offering valuable information to users. The following questionnaire substantiates this assertion, indicating that 32 students, including 95% of the target demographic, exhibit confidence in the product's functionality. Ultimately, UTHM's IoT-enabled bus tracking system effectively accomplished all its established objectives.