The Johor Business School (JBS) Nexus is open access periodical and peer-reviewed that focuses on publishing articles from research seminars and conference issues. This journal is in line with JBS's vision to be celebrated for its innovative pedagogical methodologies and unwavering research commitment and recognizes the paramount importance of effective strategic planning in charting our scope. This bespoke framework has been meticulously devised to harmonize seamlessly with our redefined mission and vision, aimed at propelling the school to unprecedented heights of accomplishment. In addition, this journal will highlight the review and results of research in the field of business and sustainability, including but not limited to management, marketing, finance and accounting, economics, international and strategic business, supply chain and logistics, business law, and business technology and information systems. The frequency of JBS Nexus publication is as much as 2 times a year, June and December. Writing articles in JBS Nexus have to be in English version.
CC BY-NC 4.0 International Author(s) give JBS Nexus the right to publish the article Designate Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Publishing as the original publisher
A Case Study of Social Enterprise: Enhancing Sustainable Growth through Agency X in Malaysia
This study analyses how Agency X balances social mission and operational sustainability as a community-based social enterprise in Malaysia. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research examines how the organisation operationalises its social mission, sustains organisational activities, and manages tensions between social objectives and operational viability. Data were collected through two site visits, organisational observations, informal semi-structured discussions with management representatives and operational workers, and documentary analysis involving organisational materials, business model documents, programme records, and operational reports. Thematic analysis was applied to identify recurring organisational patterns aligned with the research objectives. The findings demonstrate that Agency X operationalises its social mission through community-centred employment, food assistance activities, training programmes, and collaborative operational practices. Organisational sustainability is supported through hybrid revenue streams, institutional partnerships, and adaptive operational arrangements. However, tensions emerged between inclusion and efficiency, mission orientation and commercial sustainability, as well as growth ambitions and operational capacity. The findings support existing social enterprise literature suggesting that hybrid organisations continuously negotiate competing organisational priorities rather than fully resolving them. The study contributes to social enterprise literature by providing empirical insights into how Malaysian community-based social enterprises sustain operational continuity while maintaining social legitimacy. The case further highlights that long-term sustainability requires strategic focus, disciplined operational management, and selective organisational growth rather than uncontrolled expansion.
Copyright (c) 2026 JBS Nexus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Beneish M-Score Analysis as a Detector of Financial Report Fraud in Building Construction Sub-Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)
Transparency in the construction sector which is vulnerable to manipulation due to performance pressure and large project risks as shown by PT Wijaya Karya (WIKA), highlighting the urgency to evaluate financial accountability in construction companies. This study aims to implement Beneish M-Score method to detect potential financial fraud in building construction sub-sector listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2019-2024 and to identify the financial ratios that most influence the probability of fraud using binary logistic regression. This study used quantitative descriptive method with secondary data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. The population included all building construction sub-sectors listed on IDX during 2019-2024, with four samples; PT Wijaya Karya Tbk (WIKA), PT Waskita Karya Tbk (WSKT), PT Adhi Karya Tbk (ADHI) and PT PP Tbk (PTPP). The results of the study showed that manipulation indication of financial statement which was fluctuative when PT Wijaya Karya Tbk (WIKA) and and PT PP Tbk (PTPP) identified as manipulators several times, while PT Waskita Karya Tbk (WSKT) and PT Adhi Karya Tbk (ADHI) remained the most consistent non-manipulators. The Total Accruals to Total Assets (TATA) ratio proved significant in detecting fraud based on the binary logistic regression test. Manipulation might occur at any time depending on internal conditions and external pressures. Companies are needed to improve internal audits and implement strict reporting policies each period to prevent potential financial statement manipulation.
Humanising Digital Healthcare: A Conceptual Framework of Algorithmic Governance, Professional Autonomy, and Nurse Well-Being
This study presents a conceptual paper that illustrates the influence of algorithmic governance on nurse wellbeing, mediated by professional autonomy. Although A.I. and algorithmic management systems are widely used in nursing, the existing ethical approaches are mostly concerned with data privacy and the incidence of algorithmic bias, leaving a theoretical gap in the area of relations between governance systems, professional autonomy, and psychological wellbeing. The framework draws on ideas from nursing ethics, critical algorithm research, and organisational behaviour theory, and categorises two archetypal algorithm-driven forms of governance: augmenting governance (strengthening clinical judgement) and automating governance (substituting or strictly governing decisions). The framework states that automation of governance reduces perceived professional autonomy, leading to an increased risk of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and intention to leave, while transparent and co-designed governance can help maintain or even enhance nurse wellbeing. Four propositions have been stated that can be tested. Finally, the framework reflects a shift from the efficiency-focused to autonomy-focused algorithmic governance, providing a solid theoretical foundation for subsequent empirical studies and practical auditing of AI systems in nursing.
From Block Grants to Performance Governance: An Agency Theory Investigation of Public University Funding Reform Readiness in Malaysia
The Ministry of Higher Education is addressing the systemic efficiency gap in Malaysia's public universities through the New Funding Formula (NFF) as part of the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015–2025. Although government funding for higher education has increased by 14% annually, the country ranks 45th out of 50 in terms of educational output. This study is the first empirical examination of NFF implementation readiness using Agency Theory in all 20 public universities in Malaysia at the same time. Three senior higher education funding specialists provided qualitative data, and 107 top management officials from Research, Comprehensive, and Focused universities provided quantitative data using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design. Goals and Objectives, Outcome, Agency Relationship, Risk, Agent Ability, and Monitoring were the six-agency theory-based strategic constructs that were assessed. Agent Ability (rs = 0.605, ? = 0.249, p <.05), Risk (rs = 0.574, ? = 0.223, p <.05), and Outcome (rs = 0.489, ? = 0.203, p <.05) are the three significant predictors of NFF implementation effectiveness, collectively accounting for 53.8% of the variance (Adjusted R2 = 0.538). Goals and Objectives (?=?0.200), Agency Relationship (? = 0.074), and Monitoring (? = 0.185), on the other hand, were statistically non-significant, indicating a crucial paradox: Malaysian universities show aspirational readiness but are hampered by risk exposure and capability deficiencies. A framework for the NFF's phased implementation is put forth, along with practical suggestions for university administration and the Ministry of Higher Education.
The Scope of Internal Marketing: Defining The Distinction Between Human Resource Management and Marketing: Evidence From Public Banks in Erbil/Iraq
A strategic management technique that connects marketing and human resource management (HRM) with internal marketing encourages employee involvement to boost organizational performance. The use of internal marketing is still not well understood in the context of public banks in Erbil, Iraq, where bureaucratic obstacles and issues regarding customer service quality continue to exist. While separating internal marketing from conventional HRM methods, this study explores the scope of internal marketing by examining how its essential elements internal communication, employee motivation, leadership support, and training affect organizational performance and customer satisfaction. The study used structured questionnaires to collect data from 200 employees of five main public banks in Erbil, using a quantitative research approach. The results show a strong correlation between internal marketing strategies and enhanced customer orientation, employee happiness, and service delivery, suggesting that internal marketing is a strategic organizational approach rather than just an HR function. This study adds to the theoretical conversation by creating a conceptual framework that distinguishes internal marketing from HRM and provides useful advice for public banking organizations. The limitations, implications, and suggestions for further study are also discussed.
The Impact of Green Marketing on Strategic Awareness: An Analytical Examination of Perspectives from Administrators, Academics, and Students at the University of Raparin
This study examined the impact of green marketing on strategic awareness among university administrators, faculty, and students. Three aspects of green marketing were specifically examined: (1) environmental protection, (2) customer satisfaction, and (3) organizational profitability. Data from 365 participants, including administrators, professors, and students, were gathered using a quantitative research approach to investigate the connection between strategic awareness and green marketing strategies. The data were analyzed using smart Partial Least Squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM), which enabled reliable evaluation of the proposed correlations. The results show that strategic awareness is greatly influenced by all three aspects of green marketing, with environmental preservation having the greatest influence. Furthermore, this study emphasizes how consumer happiness can strengthen the link between strategic awareness and green marketing. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating green marketing concepts into institutional plans to promote a culture of sustainable and strategic thinking. In addition to offering useful advice for colleges to match their operations with sustainable development objectives and raise stakeholder strategic awareness, this study adds to the expanding corpus of research on green marketing in higher education.
The Role of Servant Leadership on Sustainable Marketing: An Analytical Study on the Perspective A Sample of Employees in Private Sector Education in the Raparin Independent Administration
Under the Raparin Independent Administration, this study explored how servant leadership might support sustainable marketing strategies in the private school industry. Emphasizing the servant leadership facets of compassion, emotional healing, empowerment, and community service, this study investigates how these elements impact sustainable marketing campaigns from the viewpoint of staff members. Data were gathered from a sample of 237 employees of private educational institutions using a quantitative methodology. To examine the connections between servant leadership traits and sustainable marketing results, clever PLS (Partial Least Squares) structural equation modeling was used. The findings show that altruism and empowerment are the most important aspects of servant leadership that greatly improve sustainable marketing strategies. It was also shown that community services and emotional healing have a significant impact on developing a sustainable culture in businesses. To match marketing tactics to the objectives of environmental, social, and economic sustainability, this study emphasizes the significance of servant leadership. These findings highlight the need to develop servant leadership traits to support sustainable marketing initiatives and offer insightful information to leaders and policymakers in the education sector. By showing how servant leadership can be used practically to achieve long-term sustainability in marketing strategies, this study adds to the body of literature.
The Mediating Effect of Employee Engagement on the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Performance
This study investigates the complex relationship between transformative leadership, employee engagement, and organizational performance in the banking industry of the Kurdistan region of Iraq. This study used a quantitative research methodology to examine the mediating effect of employee engagement on the association between transformational leadership behaviors and organizational performance. A sample of 129 employees was utilized to collect data through online surveys. The acquired data was thenanalyzed using regression and mediation approaches. The results emphasize the beneficial impact of transformative leadership on employee engagement, providing support for the existing body of research. Moreover, the research reveals the significance of employee engagement as an intermediary, enhancing the influence of transformational leadership on the performance of the business. The findings of this study highlight the significance of promoting involved workforces and developing leadership approaches that are in line with the distinct cultural and organizational characteristics of the banking sector in Kurdistan.
The Effects of Service Quality and Service Marketing Mix on Customer Retention Towards Budget Hotels in Iraq The Mediating Role of Service Value
Population growth in Iraq is now becoming a major concern in the Iraq, and in the case of a shortage of hotel rooms, this will affect the demand for luxury hotels as consumers will turn to budget hotels. The budget hotel indeed has a key role in economic sectors, the property market, and human life. Since the demand for budget hotels in the Iraq is very high, they should have excellent hotel facilities and therefore it provides a space to study the service quality and marketing mix offered by these budget hotels. Besides of examining the service value as a mediator in the relationship of these effects on retention. In addition, this paper incorporated a new dimension of service marketing mix, namely after-sale rather than the conventional 7P’s marketing service mix. The Stimulus-Organism-Response theory guided the theoretical structure of the analysis. Three of the four main variables, namely service quality, service marketing mix, and service value, were conceptualized and analyzed using the reflective-formative approach as a second-order construct. Customer retention as the dependent variable was assessed reflectively across four multiple items. Data was collected from 385 budget hotel clients residing in budget hotels in the Iraq and analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS software. Findings indicated significant and direct relationships between service quality, service marketing mix, service value, and customer retention. It was also found that service value has a full mediation effect. This study will be of interest to the Hotel industry in understanding how service quality and service marketing mix strategies are essential for maintaining a long-term relationship with customers.
Influence of Market Rate of Return (Rm) and Systematic Risk (?) on Stock Decision Making in Non-State-Owned Banks (2019–2023)
This study investigates the influence of the Market Rate of Return (Rm) and Systematic Risk (?) on stock investment decision-making in non-state-owned banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. Employing a quantitative approach with a causal–associative research design, the study uses secondary data and applies multiple linear regression analysis. The empirical findings reveal that both the Market Rate of Return (Rm) and Systematic Risk (?) have no significant partial effect on stock investment decisions. Moreover, the two variables jointly also do not demonstrate a significant influence. These results indicate that investors may rely on other determinants beyond CAPM variables when making investment decisions in the non-state-owned banking sector. The study suggests that companies enhance performance stability through risk diversification and improved transparency to strengthen investor confidence. Furthermore, managers are encouraged to emphasize non-financial value drivers, such as innovation capability, digital transformation, and financial literacy enhancement, to support more informed investment decision-making.
Copyright (c) 2025 JBS Nexus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Human-Centered AI and Digital Technologies in HR: Empowering Employees and Redesigning Work
Human resource (HR) practices are undergoing a fundamental transformation due to the swift adoption of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI). AI presents previously unheard-of opportunities to enhance productivity and tailor experiences throughout the employee lifecycle, from hiring and training to performance management and real-time feedback. However, there are also significant concerns regarding employee autonomy, equity, and welfare that arise from this change. This paper examines how AI is being increasingly incorporated into HR tasks, highlighting both the advantages and disadvantages of this approach. Based on theories of human-computer interaction, business ethics, and organisational behaviour, we investigate how algorithmic decision-making affects psychological safety, autonomy, and trust. Case studies from leading companies, such as those from Microsoft and Atlassian, provide empirical evidence of how AI can be applied to HR procedures to supplement human judgment rather than replace it. This paper advocates a human-centred AI model for human resources that prioritises ethical design, participatory development, transparency, and human oversight. The paper concludes with a research agenda and useful suggestions to ensure that the use of AI in HR advances corporate objectives and enhances employee empowerment.
Enhancing Operational Efficiency in XYZ Coop: A Six Sigma Approach
XYZ Coop, a cooperative-owned Islamic pawnbroking business in Johor, provides gold pawning services to members and non-members as an alternative source of short-term financing. While the operation has achieved stable revenue and high customer repayment rates, it faces operational challenges in accurately authenticating gold items, exposing the cooperative to risks of counterfeit gold, financial loss, and diminished customer trust. This article examines how the Six Sigma methodology, particularly the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) framework, can enhance operational efficiency and gold authentication accuracy at XYZ Coop. Using root cause analysis tools such as the Fishbone diagram and data-driven performance baselines, the study identifies key inefficiencies stemming from a lack of staff training, outdated testing methods, and inconsistent procedures. A structured implementation plan is proposed, incorporating staff training, process optimization, and continuous monitoring. Expected outcomes include improved gold authentication accuracy exceeding 99%, reduced process cycle times, and enhanced customer satisfaction. The findings highlight how service-oriented cooperatives can leverage quality management techniques traditionally used in manufacturing to improve operational performance, reduce risk, and sustain member trust. This case study provides practical insights for similar cooperatives seeking to strengthen governance and efficiency through structured improvement methodologies.
Implementation of the Z-Score Test to Predict Financial Distress as an Early Warning System Effort in Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2020-2024
Financial distress in banking institutions remains a critical issue, yet previous studies predominantly focus on manufacturing or non-financial firms, leaving limited empirical evidence on whether the Altman Z-Score is still reliable for banking companies in emerging markets. This research fills that gap by examining the usefulness of the Z-Score as an early warning system and identifying the financial ratios that significantly influence financial distress among banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2020–2024.Using a descriptive-quantitative design and secondary data from 42 banking companies, the study integrates the Z-Score model with multinomial logistic regression to statistically validate distress determinants. The results show that 13 banks experienced financial distress in 2020 and 8 banks in 2024, indicating gradual improvement in financial stability. Multinomial logistic regression confirms that working capital to total assets, retained earnings to total assets, and earnings before interest and taxes significantly affect financial distress status (p < 0.05). The Z-Score model is empirically validated as a viable early-warning tool for Indonesian banks with strong classification performance. The study contributes by providing updated empirical evidence on the applicability of the Z-Score in the banking sector—an area with limited prior exploration—and by identifying key predictors of distress during the post-pandemic period. Limitations include the exclusion of macroeconomic variables and the reliance on secondary financial reports. Future research may incorporate macro-financial indicators or machine-learning-based validation to enhance predictive accuracy.
Detection of Fraud and Bankruptcy Using The Beneish M-Score and Altman Z-Score Models (Case Study on PT Envy Technologies Indonesia Tbk for the Period 2019–2024)
Financial statements are the primary source of a company financial information which can be the basis for detecting fraud and predicting potential bankruptcy. Financial statement fraud can obscure a company’s true financial condition and it has close relationship with bankruptcy risk, thus it was required comprehensive analysis for identification. This research aims to predict fraud using Beneish M-Score model and to analyze bankruptcy prediction using Altman Z-Score model to the financial statements of PT Envy Technologies Indonesia Tbk in 2019-2024. This research used quantitative approach with applied research objective. The data which was in the form of the company’s financial statements of PT Envy Technologies Indonesia Tbk in 2019-2024. The research results showed that based on M-Score, the company was indicated to do financial statement manipulation in 2019-2020, but there were improvements in 2021-2024. Z-Score value showed that the company was in healthy category in 2019-2020, but it included bankrupt in 2021-2024. These findings indicated that manipulation financial statements could conceal the actual financial condition, so the company appeared healthy. When manipulation was ceased, the poor financial condition to be seen. This research provided valuable insights for management, investors and stakeholders in making strategic decisions and increasing awareness of financial risk.
Understanding The Important Role of Decision-Making in Enhancing Organisational Effectiveness: Concepts, Processes, and Managerial Responsibilities
The decision-making process is a fundamental aspect of organizational management. It involves various stakeholders, and the outcomes can have significant implications for finances, individuals’ lives, and the larger economy, resulting in both positive and negative repercussions. Errors in decision-making can lead to a range of adverse consequences, including reduced profits, incurred losses, and even impacts on the national economy. This study is conceptual in nature, focusing on the discussions and perspectives of previous researchers regarding decision-making within organizations. The primary aim is to explore the concepts, processes, and roles of managers in the decision-making process. The findings suggest that decision-making is a multifaceted process that involves different levels of management, including top, middle, and lower-level managers. The researcher also examines the rationalization of decision-making, emphasizing its critical components as well as its inherent weaknesses. To ensure consistency and adherence to proper procedures, the decision-making process must be executed effectively and efficiently. This is especially crucial for managers, who play a vital role in shaping various aspects of the organization. Three key elements define the role of managers in decision-making: rationality, bounded rationality, and intuition. A blend of these approaches is essential for achieving and maintaining the organization’s mission and vision, thereby enhancing productivity and competitiveness.
Analysis on Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) and Hedonic Browsing Through E-Commerce Shopee Influence Toward Consumptive Lifestyle on Students in Indonesia: A Study at State Polytechnic of Malang
The consumptive behavior of students today is increasingly influenced by technological advancements and the convenience of online shopping through e-commerce platforms like Shopee. This research aims to analyze the influence of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) and hedonic browsing effects toward consumptive lifestyle. The approach in this research was quantitative with survey method involving 95 student respondents, which were selected as the research sample. The data which was used was primary data which was collected through the distribution of questionnaires and it were analyzed by using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS version 26. The research showed that FOMO and hedonic browsing had positive and significant effect toward the consumptive lifestyle. FOMO drove purchases to keep up with trends and hedonic browsing encouraged for pleasure alone. Students should enhance the self-awareness toward the emotional and psychological influences in online shopping activities, particularly related to the phenomenon of FOMO and hedonic browsing habits, in order to be able to make more rational financial decisions and avoid impulsive consumer behaviors.
Application of the Beneish M-Score Model in Detecting Financial Statement Fraud in Transportation and Logistics Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2023
The high rate of fraud in Indonesia, especially in financial reports, is a serious concern because it causes large losses. This study aims to analyse the percentage level of transportation and logistics sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019- 2023 period which are classified into three categories, namely manipulators, grey companies and non-manipulators. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with purposive sampling technique resulting in 20 companies as samples. The data used is secondary data obtained from annual financial reports and analyzed using eight Beneish M-Score ratios. The results showed fluctuations in the manipulator category with the highest percentage in 2020 at 35%. The grey company category was found at 5% in 2019 and 2021, and 10% in 2022, but not found in 2020 and 2023. Meanwhile, the non-manipulator category dominates with the highest proportion of 95% in 2023. The level of integrity of financial statements in the transport and logistics sector has not been consistent. Investors and creditors should be more aware of the potential manipulation of financial statements in order to avoid the risk of loss. Companies are expected to increase transparency and compliance with financial reporting standards to maintain stakeholder trust.
From Business Plan to Market Entry: A Case Study of Premium Bites Cookies in Malaysia’s F&B SME Sector
This paper explores the transformation of a home-based cookie initiative into a formal food startup, Premium Bites Cookies in Batu Pahat, Johor. The study examines key components of the startup’s business plan, including product–market fit, strategic positioning, and competitive advantage, while applying strategic frameworks such as SWOT, PESTEL, Porter’s Five Forces, and the Business Model Canvas. The findings reveal that structured business planning, niche market targeting, and the balanced integration of traditional and digital channels significantly enhance the scalability and resilience of early-stage SMEs in Malaysia’s competitive food and beverage (F&B) sector. The study contributes to SME and entrepreneurship literature by demonstrating how systematic planning and strategic alignment support sustainable market entry. Overall, this case offers practical insights for Malaysian SMEs by highlighting the importance of strategic clarity, digital capability development, and adaptive marketing approaches for achieving successful growth and long-term sustainability.
Evaluating Taxi Passenger Satisfaction Using IPA and CSI: Implications for Competitive Strategy in Indonesia
In the last decade, the taxi industry in Indonesia has undergone significant changes with the arrival of app-based taxis such as Uber, Grab, and Go-Car (2014-2024). Changes in technology and information have driven a shift in people's lifestyles, making online taxi services more desirable due to cheaper fares, efficient services, and ease of access. The purpose of this research is to analyze the level of satisfaction of conventional taxi passengers with online taxis in Indonesia. The number of respondents in this study amounted to 250 taxi passengers across Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi City areas (Indonesia). The sampling method used was convenience sampling, and the questionnaire survey was conducted by benchmarking five large taxi companies in Indonesia, namely PT ABC (company initials), PT Blue Bird Tbk, PT Uber Technology Indonesia, PT GrabBike Indonesia, and PT Gojek Indonesia. The variables in this study were tangible, reliability, assurance, responsiveness, empathy, product quality, and perceived value. The results showed that the IPA analysis variable attributes, placed PT ABC taxis in quadrants I, II, and III. While the CSI analysis found that the online taxi passenger satisfaction index is higher than the conventional taxi.
Information System Success Factors and Their Influence on Employee Performance in a Digital Environment
The banking sector is rapidly evolving with advancements in information systems and AI. This study examines key factors influencing their adoption among employees, assessing their impact on job performance and challenges to implementation. Using the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model, data from banking employees will be analyzed through PLS-SEM. Findings will provide insights into adoption determinants, performance benefits, and barriers, contributing to the digital transformation of banking. The study highlights the need for strategic integration of AI and information systems to enhance workforce efficiency.
DeLone and McLean information systems success model
Operational Challenges in Maintenance: A Lean and Agile Approach
The Malaysian maintenance industry is vital in sustainable infrastructure and facility management. This paper examines key operational challenges in maintenance and construction, including project delays, workforce shortages, safety risks, miscommunication, and weather disruptions. These inefficiencies can be mitigated by integrating Lean Manufacturing, Agile methodology, Six Sigma, and continuous improvement frameworks. Lean principles and Agile methodology enhance process optimization, reduce delays, and facilitate real-time communication for rapid adjustments. Six Sigma provides data-driven insights to identify sources of operational errors, particularly in safety and communication. Kaizen fosters continuous improvement, addressing emerging issues such as weather disruptions. Research indicates that practitioners and researchers can achieve greater efficiency and cost-effective project outcomes by integrating these methods. Future empirical studies should explore their interrelationships and potential synergy with emerging technologies to further optimize maintenance project success.
Exploring the Role of Environment Service Quality in Enhancing Customer Satisfaction During Umrah in Malaysia
The Umrah industry in Malaysia faces numerous challenges, particularly fraud, which leads to high customer dissatisfaction with the services offered by Umrah operators. Environmental service quality difficulties in Umrah refer to the challenges of cleanliness, sustainability, and infrastructure that impact pilgrims' experiences and contentment. To address this, the study examines the relationship between environmental service quality (focused on airline service, hotel service, transportation service, and ambient) and customer satisfaction during the Umrah. This study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional approach, with 219 Umrah pilgrims aged 28 to 58 being the most significant sample of travellers. Respondents are chosen using convenience sampling. Data is gathered via online questionnaires and direct participation at airports like KLIA and KLIA 2. The research objective was achieved via descriptive analysis and multiple regression. This study also helps to understand customer satisfaction and demands, which is essentially the degree to which customers are satisfied with services, particularly those provided by airlines, hotels, transportation, and the environment, which can contribute to people's satisfaction while performing Umrah.
Enhancing Workplace Harmony in Malaysia: Integrating Japanese Kaizen and Ringi Management Practices into Industrial Relations
This study examines the adoption of Japanese Kaizen and Ringi management practices to address workplace challenges in Malaysia. Kaizen fosters continuous improvement by involving employees at all organizational levels, leading to enhanced productivity and job satisfaction. Ringi emphasizes consensus-based decision-making, promoting inclusivity and addressing communication barriers in Malaysia's traditionally hierarchical management structures. These practices align with recent industrial relations reforms, such as the Industrial Relations Amendment Act 2020, to create a more cooperative and engaging work environment. The findings underscore that adapting these methods to Malaysia’s cultural and legal contexts can drive significant improvements in workplace harmony, reduce turnover, and foster sustainable organizational growth. Gradual implementation, pilot programs in key sectors, and tailored training modules are recommended to ensure effective integration. This study highlights the potential of Kaizen and Ringi to revolutionize Malaysian industrial relations by aligning employee motivation with organizational goals for long-term success.
Gamification and Animation in E-Learning: A Case Study on Engagement and Perceived Effectiveness Among Animation Students
Despite growing interest in using gamification and animation to enhance online education, limited research addresses how effectively these methods improve student engagement, motivation, and perceived effectiveness in specialized disciplines such as animation technology. This study investigates the role of gamification and animation in enhancing student engagement, motivation, and perceived effectiveness within an e-learning environment. Using a descriptive survey method, data were collected from 86 Diploma in Animation Technology students through structured questionnaires that measured their perceptions and experiences. The findings revealed strong positive perceptions toward animated and gamified content, with students agreeing that these methods significantly improved their understanding, academic performance, critical thinking, and knowledge retention. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship (r = 0.892) between student engagement and perceived effectiveness of gamification and animation. Thus, this research confirms that strategically integrating gamification and animation in e-learning can substantially enhance student engagement, learning effectiveness, and overall educational experiences.
Understanding Consumer Preferences in the Funeral Service Industry: Insights from the Johor Bahru Market
Funeral service organisations preserve the memory of the departed as they assist families in mourning. Research examining consumer choices in this market sector is currently relatively sparse. A research investigation explores how ethnic Chinese people in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, prefer their funeral services. A total of 50 respondents participated in this study using Microsoft Forms and quantitative research methods. The convenience sampling method produced data analysed through descriptive techniques in Excel software. All participants belonged to a group that experienced death, yet 70% of this group was directly responsible for organising funerals. A significant 48% of the participants estimated their funeral expenses would fall from RM30,000 to RM34,999. Funeral services were the most popular choice among respondents who wanted services in public funeral facilities (84%) and followed the Buddhist/Taoist religious customs (70%). Research results demonstrate that people need accessible funeral services which also offer transparent pricing and maintain respect for local customs. The providers of funeral services should create inexpensive package solutions which permit flexible payment options. Providing more religious services and better professional support would offer improved solutions for this multicultural community. The support system provided by Johor Bahru funeral providers needs to tackle financial, logistical and cultural considerations to benefit bereaved families effectively.
Financial Literacy and Resilience Among Students in Southern Malaysian Public Universities
This study investigates the relationship between financial literacy and financial resilience among students in Malaysian public universities (IPTA). In the context of rising living costs and limited financial resources, financial literacy emerges as a crucial skill for young adults navigating economic challenges. Utilizing data from 107 respondents, the research examines how socio-demographic factors, financial literacy, and economic resources influence financial resilience. The findings indicate that students with higher financial literacy demonstrate better financial resilience, thereby enhancing student well-being. By advocating for the inclusion of financial management education in university curricula, this study supports Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), which emphasizes quality education and lifelong learning opportunities. The integration of financial literacy into educational programs not only prepares students for financial challenges but also contributes to their long-term financial stability and overall well-being.
Financial literacy, financial resilience, university students, well-being
Beyond Tradition: Revolutionary Leadership in Academia
This paper looks into the importance of leadership for encouraging new approaches and cultural changes in higher education institutions. In higher education, leaders help guide the organisation’s journey of transformation. Today, institutions need to be innovative and able to adapt to changing global, technological and social realities. This paper also reviews how leadership contributes to innovation by putting in place new programs and approaches that boost the institution’s success. It also investigates how leaders affect and sustain the personality of the organisation, making it easier for people to cooperate, depend on and trust one another and get better. Good leadership ensures that evolution matches the core beliefs of an institution. A well-defined culture can ensure that stakeholders are more positive and involved. It was found that strategies in higher education work best when leaders guide the vision, govern ethically, create new ideas and involve important parties in making the changes. Additionally, the study reveals that having good leaders is important for achieving success in institutions and colleges as well as maintaining their place in the current educational system. This study also highlights that transformational leadership relies on culture, and innovation is important for ensuring excellence, toughness and durability at institutions.
The Interplay of Psychological Empowerment and Workplace Spirituality in Shaping Organizational Citizenship Behaviour
Malaysia as a developing country is also living in a fast-paced business environment, it can be difficult for companies to create and enforce regulations that motivate their staff. Employee engagement is widely seen as crucial to workers' productivity in the office. Without enthusiastic participation from workers, companies will fail to achieve the goals of their business strategies, which are essential if they want to boost their performance. This research investigates the level of organizational citizenship behaviour and determines the effect between psychological empowerment and workplace spirituality towards organizational citizenship behaviour among employees at ABC Sdn Bhd. The effects are organizational citizenship behaviour leading to compulsory citizenship behaviour which also causes burnout among employees, unhealthy rivalry among employees and less productivity in a workplace. For this purpose, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 112 employees from several levels of management. The responses were analysed by mean and median, frequency and percentage by using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software. The findings of this research could help stakeholders to be benefited from understanding the effects of psychological empowerment and workplace spirituality on organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in several ways. These benefits include improved organizational performance, increased employee engagement, enhanced organizational culture, improved employee well-being, and increased employee retention and loyalty. When stakeholders are aware of these effects, they can actively promote and support initiatives that foster psychological empowerment and workplace spirituality, leading to positive outcomes for both the organization and its employees.
Psychological empowerment, Workplace spirituality and Organizational citizenship behaviour.
Copyright (c) 2024 JBS Nexus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Halal Product Assurance: Review of Regulatory Effectiveness and Legal Protection for Consumers and Business Actors
Halal has become a major concern for Muslims, especially among the Indonesian population. The halal status of a food is determined by its nature and the methods used to obtain and maintain it. This research aims to find out how effective the implementation of halal product guarantee certification arrangements is for business actors and how legal protection is for consumers in guaranteeing halal products. This research uses literature study. This research process includes collecting library data, reading, taking notes, studying, and collecting ideas or manuscripts. After that, the collected data or text is described and explained according to the research topic. The research results show that there is still a lack of awareness among business actors regarding the requirement for companies that produce goods from non-halal materials to disclose non-halal information on their products. Available information regarding halal product certification is still limited, although knowledge on the topic is considerable. Stricter regulations are needed for non-halal food products because the number of halal ingredients is greater than for non-halal food products. This type of reasoning also applies in the legal field. Halal certificates and halal labels are used to protect consumers' rights to obtain the products of their choice. In particular, to avoid things that involve using substances or engaging in practices that are prohibited by religious beliefs. To guarantee the use of halal products, governments may implement various measures in addition to requiring halal certification. Buyers must always have knowledge about halal and non-halal food products. Ensuring safety and self-confidence is very important for clients, especially those who follow the Islamic fait
Exploring the Impact of Live Streaming on Consumer Purchase Intention: An Analysis Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
With the rise of live-streaming as a direct marketing tool, many individual sellers have adopted this medium to engage consumers and drive online sales. The shift towards online shopping, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has fueled consumer interest in new digital purchasing behaviors, including e-commerce live streaming. While prior studies have explored consumers' purchasing behavior in the context of online shopping, there remains a gap in understanding the specific factors influencing purchase intentions through live streaming. This study examines the relationship between live streaming and consumers' purchase intention, guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected via survey questionnaires distributed to 384 consumers in Perak, Malaysia, through Google Forms, with 286 responses successfully analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Findings from Spearman’s rho correlation test indicate a positive and significant relationship between the independent variables—streamer credibility, media richness, and interactivity—and the dependent variable, consumer purchase intention. This study offers valuable insights for online marketers and researchers seeking to understand how live streaming can influence consumer buying decisions, providing a foundation for enhancing e-commerce strategies and future academic inquiry.