Arizal Mujibtamala Nanda Imron (2025) “Improvement of Preprocessing for Spiral and Wave Handwriting Image Classification Using DenseNet-169”, International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 17(5), pp. 363–375. Available at: https://journal.uthm.edu.my/index.php/ijie/article/view/19791 (Accessed: 7 August 2026).